Wildlife’s Sweet Treat: Growing Elderberry at Home

Facts:

Elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) is a fast-growing, deciduous shrub native to Florida and much of North America. It can reach 5 to 12 feet tall and just as wide, producing clusters of fragrant white flowers in spring and summer. These blooms give way to dark purple berries that are an important food source for wildlife. Elderberry thrives in moist soils, making it ideal for rain gardens, wetland edges, or along water bodies. In addition to its ecological value, elderberry has been traditionally used for food, beverages, and herbal remedies (note: raw berries and other plant parts should not be consumed without proper preparation).

How to Plant:

Choose a sunny to partly shaded location with moist, well-draining soil. Elderberry prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil but can tolerate a range of conditions. Dig a hole twice as wide and the same depth as the plant’s root ball. Gently loosen the roots before placing the shrub in the hole. Backfill with native soil, pressing lightly to remove air pockets, and water thoroughly. Space multiple shrubs at least 6 to 8 feet apart to allow for full growth and air circulation. Adding mulch around the base will help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Maintenance

Elderberry is relatively low-maintenance once established. Water regularly during the first year, especially in dry periods, to encourage deep root growth. After establishment, elderberry is moderately drought-tolerant but will produce better blooms and berries with consistent moisture. Prune in late winter to early spring to remove dead or weak stems and promote healthy new growth. Every 3 to 4 years, consider cutting back older canes to ground level to rejuvenate the plant.

Plant Care

Fertilization is usually unnecessary, but if growth is slow, apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring. Keep an eye out for pests such as aphids or scale, and treat with horticultural oil if needed. Elderberry may also experience powdery mildew in humid conditions; ensure good airflow and avoid overhead watering to reduce risk.

a Berry Good Choice for Wildlife

Elderberry provides critical food and habitat for a wide range of wildlife. Its berries are a favorite of songbirds, including cedar waxwings, robins, and catbirds. Pollinators such as native bees and butterflies flock to its nectar-rich blooms, while its dense structure offers shelter for small animals. By planting elderberries, you help support Florida’s native biodiversity and strengthen the food web.

If you’d like to get involved, join us for one of our upcoming planting events to help expand native habitat in our community!

References:

Gilman, E. F., & Watson, D. G. (1993). Sambucus canadensis: American elderberry. University of Florida, IFAS Extension.

Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. (n.d.). Sambucus canadensis (American elderberry). Retrieved from https://www.wildflower.org/

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Sambucus canadensis L. USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet.